1)
What is the best way for a person to overcome the
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Stop trying to remember the information you are trying to
retrieve.
Think about the length of the word or concept.
Think about words that may sound like the word you are
trying to retrieve.
Name the letters that start or end the word.
2)
Elizabeth Loftus’ research determined that:
eyewitness testimony is generally accurate and reliable.
flashbulb memories are rarely an accurate memory of the
actual event.
what people see and hear about an event after the fact can
easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that
event.
people tend to forget memories that are painful.
3)
Which of the following best describes psychologist John
Kihlstrom’s comments when talking about Bartlett’s book on
memory?
Memory is more like making up a story than it is like
reading a book.
Memory is more like reading a book than it is like making up
a story.
Memory is more like a movie than it is like taking a
photograph.
Memory is more like reading a book than it is like going to
a movie.
4)
A research study found that people who look at real visual
images and then are asked to simply imagine looking at visual
images:
are often unable later to distinguish between the images
they had really seen and the imagined images.
often remember only some of the images.
are typically able later to distinguish between the images
they had really seen and the imagined images.
are often unable to remember any of the images.
5)
Explicit memory begins to form after about age
two________________________.
when events become important enough to be stored in memory
corresponding to the development of the frontal lobe
when children see their memories as though they were in a
movie
when the hippocampus is more fully developed
6)
When a memory is being formed, several changes take place in
the brain in a process called:
deep processing.
encoding specificity.
automatic encoding.
consolidation.
7)
Early memories before the age of two years tend to be
implicit, which may explain:
anterograde amnesia.
retrograde amnesia.
infantile amnesia.
decay.
8)
Ebbinghaus’s ________ shows that forgetting happens quickly,
within the first hour, and then tapers off gradually.
curve of forgetting
distributed practice theory
encoding failure theory
interference theory
9)
A(n) ________ is a memory expert or someone with exceptional
memory ability.
phlebotomist
mnemonist
amnesic
memorist
10)
In real life, information that has just entered iconic
memory will be pushed out very quickly by new information.
Research suggests
that after ________, old information is replaced by new
information.
a quarter of a second
a half of a second
one second
a millisecond
11)
In the information-processing model, the first stage of
memory is ______ memory.
long-term
iconic
sensory
short-term
12)
According to Craik and Lockhart, information that is _______
will be remembered more effectively and for a longer period
of time.
deeply processed
processed according to the sound of the physical
characteristics of the words
repeated many times
read
13)
One may transfer information from short-term memory (STM)
into long-term memory (LTM) by:
elaborative rehearsal.
paying attention.
rote learning.
chunking.
14)
The most efficient way of transferring short-term memory
into long-term memory is by using:
maintenance rehearsal.
elaborative rehearsal.
rote learning.
chunking.
15)
If you move from the United States to England and have
trouble adjusting to driving on the left side of the road,
you are
experiencing:
memory trace decay.
encoding failure.
proactive interference.
retroactive interference.
16)
Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that
are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the
large lecture room
that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections
at once.
Donyelle’s experience illustrates:
the role of the primacy effect.
the importance of maintenance rehearsal in memory.
the role of the recency effect.
the importance of retrieval cues in memory.
17)
Marcos and his friends enjoy watching football together on
Sundays. After some of the games are over, Marcos tells his
friends that he
knew all along who would win the game. Marcos’ belief that he
could predict the
outcome of some of the games without having been told the
winners in advance is
an example of:
hindsight bias.
the misinformation effect.
the primacy effect.
encoding specificity.
18)
As opposed to _______ memories, ________ memories are easily
made conscious.
semantic; autobiographical
implicit; explicit
explicit; implicit
episodic; semantic
19)
Psychologists consider memory to be:
an active system.
only possible with effort.
a passive storage bank of experiences.
limited to encoding sensory information.
20)
The idea that memory formation is a simultaneous process is
reflected in the:
parallel distributed processing model.
levels-of-processing model.
iconic memory model.
information-processing model.
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