A research study found that people who look at real visual
images and then are asked to simply imagine looking at visual
images:
are often unable later to distinguish between the images
they had really seen and the imagined images.
are typically able later to distinguish between the images
they had really seen and the imagined images.
often remember only some of the images.
are often unable to remember any of the images.
2)
In a study discussed in the textbook that researched the
effects of different types of information on memory, subjects
viewed a slide
presentation of a traffic accident. The actual slide
presentation contained a
stop sign, but in a written summary of the presentation, the
sign was referred
to as a yield sign. What were the results of this study?
Subjects who were given no information after viewing the
slides were far less accurate in their memories for the kind
of sign present
than were subjects who were given misleading information.
Subjects who were given misleading information prior to viewing
the slides were far less accurate in their memories for the
kind of sign
present than were subjects who were given no information.
Subjects who were given misleading information prior to
viewing the slides were far more accurate in their memories
for the kind of
sign present than were subjects who were given no
information.
Subjects who were given misleading information after viewing
the slides were far less accurate in their memories for the
kind of sign
present than were subjects who were given no such
information.
3)
Which of the following best describes psychologist John
Kihlstrom’s comments when talking about Bartlett’s book on
memory?
Memory is more like making up a story than it is like
reading a book.
Memory is more like reading a book than it is like going to
a movie.
Memory is more like reading a book than it is like making up
a story.
Memory is more like a movie than it is like taking a
photograph.
4)
Psychologists consider memory to be:
a passive storage bank of experiences.
only possible with effort.
limited to encoding sensory information.
an active system.
5)
If you move from the United States to England and have
trouble adjusting to driving on the left side of the road,
you are
experiencing:
proactive interference.
memory trace decay.
retroactive interference.
encoding failure.
6)
The phrase “use it or lose it” refers to which
theory of forgetting?
proactive interference
encoding failure
decay
retroactive interference
7)
Brenda called Mike while he was in the middle of the meeting
to ask him to pick up some milk on his way home from work.
When Mike got home
he didn’t have the milk, and Brenda was angry. Mike may have
experienced
selective memory.
memory blocking.
anterograde amnesia.
encoding failure.
8)
Mrs. Tuttle was 97 years old and suffered from forgetfulness
and mental confusion. She was probably experiencing:
retrograde amnesia.
encoding failure.
senile dementia.
anterograde amnesia.
9)
The ________ effect suggests that the first and last person
interviewed for a job will be better remembered by the
interviewer than all the
people in the middle.
interference
bystander
middle-man
serial position
10)
On the Internet, each website has its own specific
information but is also linked to many other related sites.
In addition, a
person can have open more than one site at the same time.
This pattern of
organization may be very similar to how:
the mind organizes the information stored in long-term
memory.
short-term memories are forgotten.
long-term memories are forgotten.
the mind organizes the information stored in short-term
memory.
11)
An eyewitness was asked to testify in court about her memory
of a crime that took place on her street. Prior to her
testimony, an attorney
provided her with a written statement from another neighbor
who had also viewed
the crime. As a result of reading her neighbor’s statement,
which was different
from her own, the accuracy of her memory was altered, which
eventually affected
her testimony. This is an example of:
the levels-of-processing model.
the misinformation effect.
hindsight bias.
the curve of forgetting.
12)
To help students learn new psychology terms, Professor
Williams encourages the students to think deeply about the
meaning of the words
by asking them to provide examples of each term and to use
each one in a
sentence. Professor Williams is using which model of
memory?
semantic network
levels-of-processing
parallel distributed processing
information-processing
13)
Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that
are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the
large lecture room
that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections
at once.
Donyelle’s experience illustrates:
the role of the recency effect.
the role of the primacy effect.
the importance of maintenance rehearsal in memory.
the importance of retrieval cues in memory.
14)
In the information-processing model, the first stage of
memory
is ______ memory.
short-term
iconic
long-term
sensory
15)
The most efficient way of transferring short-term memory
into long-term memory is by using:
maintenance rehearsal.
rote learning.
elaborative rehearsal.
chunking.
16)
_________ is the ability to focus on only one stimulus from
among all sensory input.
Selective attention
Anterograde amnesia
Chunking
Working memory
17)
According to Craik and Lockhart, information that is _______
will be remembered more effectively and for a longer period
of time.
repeated many times
deeply processed
processed according to the sound of the physical
characteristics of the words
read
18)
What is the best way for a person to overcome the
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Think about the length of the word or concept.
Think about words that may sound like the word you are
trying to retrieve.
Stop trying to remember the information you are trying to
retrieve.
Name the letters that start or end the word.
19)
Elizabeth Loftus’ research determined that:
eyewitness testimony is generally accurate and reliable.
people tend to forget memories that are painful.
what people see and hear about an event after the fact can
easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that
event.
flashbulb memories are rarely an accurate memory of the
actual event.
20)
The fact that everyone remembers that George Washington was
the first president points to the primacy effect as a result
of:
recognition.
short-term memory storage.
state-dependent learning.
long-term memory storage.
21)
Why do flashbulb memories seem so vivid and exact?
Emotional reactions seem to stimulate a person’s ability to
engage in elaborative rehearsal that is known to enhance the
formation of
sensory memories.
Emotional reactions seem to stimulate the release of
hormones that have been shown to enhance the formation of
sensory memories.
Emotional reactions seem to stimulate the release of
hormones that have been shown to enhance the formation of
long-term memories.
Emotional reactions seem to stimulate a person’s ability to
engage in elaborative rehearsal that is known to enhance the
formation of
long-term memories.
22)
The _______ is the part of the brain that is responsible for
the formation of new long-term declarative memories.
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
hippocampus
23)
In one study with depressed patients who were being treated
with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), patients were tested
for their memory of
certain television programs both before and after the
treatment. What was the
result?
Patients’ memories of programs were not affected.
Patients forgot older programs but remembered more recent
ones.
Patients forgot programs in a random pattern.
Patients forgot more recent programs but remembered older
ones.
24)
Ebbinghaus’s ________ shows that forgetting happens quickly,
within the first hour, and then tapers off gradually.
curve of forgetting
distributed practice theory
encoding failure theory
interference theory
25)
A(n) ________ is a memory expert or someone with exceptional
memory ability.
phlebotomist
memorist
amnesic
mnemonist
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