Question
Discussions 5,7,8,11
Discussion Questions only needs 2 paragraph per question
Discussion Question 5
Discussion: Norwegian Prison Experience (need information to
complete discussion question 5 information is below)
In the 1980s, the United States began to adopt tougher drug
laws resulting in more frequent and longer prison sentences.
Implemented in the name of combating rising drug use and protecting
traditional values, these laws have resulted in a staggering number
of incarcerations for non-violent crimes, disproportionately
affecting urban minorities and the poor. Consider these statistics:
-“The United States makes up about 5% of the world’s
population and has 21% of the world’s prisoners” (NAACP, 2017)
-“For every 100,000 Americans in each race or gender
group, there are 478 white males, 3,023 black males, 51 white
females, and 129 black females incarcerated in state or federal
prison.” (Fellner, Parker, & McFarland, 2014)
– “Immigration offenses account for over 40 percent of all
federal criminal prosecutions and almost 30 percent of new
admissions to the federal prison system.” (Fellner, Parker, &
McFarland, 2014).
For some time, opponents of “Get Tough” policies have argued
that prisons were counterproductive and increased the likelihood of
recidivism post-release. In fact, they have argued that the prison
experience itself predisposes prisoners to greater levels of
criminality through peer observation and learned behavior.
On the other hand, those who have supported these get-tough
policies have continued to argue that prison serves as the best
deterrent to future criminal activity.
You may be most familiar with the U.S. corrections system if
you live in the United States, but most countries have their own
unique approach to incarceration. By conducting international
comparisons, you can evaluate outcomes and learn or share best
practices from different philosophies and approaches. In this
week’s discussion, you will examine a correctional philosophy that
is vastly different from that of the United States and consider how
you might measure its outcomes in order to compare them to U.S.
outcomes.
To prepare:
Review the video, Luxury Prison: Serving Time with Amenities in
the Learning Resources.
Research has demonstrated that prison experiences impact
post-release behavior and overall public safety. Consider what
specific effects the Norwegian system might have when the offenders
are released.
Explain what effects the Norwegian prison experience might
have on the community when offenders are released back into the
community. If you wanted to test your hypothesis, how would you
study and measure those effects?
Discussion Questions 7
Discussion 1: Comparing Research Designs in a Venn
Diagram
Research designs systematize the research process and give it
direction. In other words, they provide structure to scientific
work. There are many types of designs used in research, all with
specific advantages and disadvantages, and research scenarios for
which they are each more or less appropriate. The research design
chosen depends on the aims of the study and the nature of the
phenomenon. The design chosen, in turn, affects the results and how
they may be interpreted.
For this Discussion, select two research designs to compare.
Think about how they are similar and different and the advantages
and disadvantages of each. Consider any differences that may occur
if the designs were applied to the same research question.
By Day 3 of Week 7
Post a PowerPoint document with a comparison (similarities
and differences) of the two research designs you selected using the
Venn Diagram template provided in the Learning Resources. Describe
the salient features, advantages, and disadvantages of each (at
least 3 for each). Then state one potential research topic for
which the research designs might be appropriate. Finally, in the
Discussion area, explain how the approaches might affect the
research outcomes. Be specific and support your response.
Discussion Question 8/1 Probability and Nonprobability
Sampling
A sample is a finite part of a population whose properties
are studied to gain information about the whole. When dealing with
people, researchers define a sample as a set of respondents
(people) selected from a larger population for the purpose of a
survey. The difficulty in using sampling lies in planning: a
sample’s generalizability must be evaluated and a sampling method
must be chosen that will best suit the research needs in question.
Sampling methods are divided into two broad categories:
probability and nonprobability. The difference between probability
and nonprobability sampling is the selection technique employed.
Probability sampling includes any method of sampling that utilizes
some form of random selection. In order to have a random selection
method within probability sampling, you must set up some process or
procedure that assures that the different units in your population
have equal probabilities of being chosen. Nonprobability sampling,
then, does not involve random selection, so researchers cannot know
ahead of time the probability of an element being chosen. Though
you might be tempted to conclude that nonprobability samples cannot
be representative of a population, this is not necessarily the
case. When designing a sample or evaluating research that has used
sampling, it is important to know the strengths and weaknesses of
different types of sampling methods. The more a researcher or
consumer of research knows about sampling methods, the better
chance he or she has of making smart research decisions.
For this Discussion, select one type of probability sampling
and one type of nonprobability sampling and think of potential
strengths and weaknesses of each. Then consider ethical
considerations that might arise when selecting a sampling method
and how you might address them.
By Day 3 of Week 8
Post a description of the types of probability and
nonprobability sampling you selected. Then describe two strengths
and two weaknesses of each type of sampling. Finally, identify two
ethical considerations that may factor into selecting a sampling
method and explain how you might address these considerations.
Discussion 11: Spark 2: Reflection
At various times the use of quantitative methods have been
compared and contrasted against qualitative methods in regard to
which one are superior.
By Day 3 of Week 11 (Criminal Justice Master Level/ Class
Tittle is Criminal Justice Research
Post the topics that you enjoyed learning about in this
class the most and why. How might you apply them to your
professional career?
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