In the past five years, do I feel there has been a shift in the prevention of disease? The answer for me is yes. Much focus on the Zika virus and what is the primary prevention. Zika was first discovered in 1947 and is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (McNeill, et al., 2016).
In 1952, the first human cases of Zika were detected and since
then, outbreaks of Zika have been reported in tropical Africa,
Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands (McNeill, et al., 2016).
Before 2007, at least 14 cases of Zika had been documented. Because
the symptoms of Zika are like those of many other diseases, many
cases may not have been recognized (McNeill, et al., 2016). Local
mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in the
continental United States. Zika infection during pregnancy can
cause a birth defect of the brain called microcephaly and other
severe fetal brain defects. There is no vaccine to prevent Zika.
The best way to prevent diseases spread by mosquitoes is to protect
yourself and your family from mosquito bites.
The goal of primary prevention is to prevent new disease
cases by reducing risk factors. Some examples of primary prevention
of the Zika virus is wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Treat
your clothing and gear with permethrin or buy pre-treated items.
Use mosquito replant and when used as directed, these insect
repellents are proven safe and effective even for pregnant and
breastfeeding women. Stay in places with air conditioning and
window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. Take steps to
control mosquitoes inside and outside your home. Sleep under a
mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not
available or if sleeping outdoors.
The goal of secondary prevention is to detect the disease to
lead to an early treatment and therefore improving the patient
prognosis. Screening test are examples of secondary prevention
measures. Diagnosis of Zika is based on a person?s recent travel
history, symptoms, and test results. A blood or urine test can
confirm a Zika infection. Lastly tertiary prevention manages an
exciting disease. Unfortunately, Zika has no cure, therefore an
infected person must get plenty of rest. Drink fluids to prevent
dehydration. Take medicine such as acetaminophen to reduce fever
and pain.
As nurses, we should invest our time into patient education
on primary prevention. By teaching patients how to reduce risk
factors of certain diseases I believe is the easiest and cheapest
effects that could change our patients lives. Insurance companies
need to invest their time and money into secondary prevention. This
process should involve reasonable price screening and non-invasive
procedures.
Resource
McNeill, C., Shreve, M., Jarrett, A., & Perry, C. (2016,
June). Zika: What Providers Need to Know. The Journal for Nurse
Practitioners, 12(6), 359-366. doi:10.1016/j.nurpar.2016.04.009
2- Tiffany Wolfsberger posted Nov 8, 2016 11:24 AM
Prevention of disease has been a hot topic of discussion for
the past five years. It has taken a shift toward the increased
prevention of diseases. One area that has been in the news for
years is requirement of immunizations for our children. A new
immunization for human papilloma virus (HPV) has been in news
lately. An article of interest called ?Will your sixth-grade girl
have to get HVP shot?; A state proposal would require the vaccine,
which protects against a sexually transmitted virus? discussed the
possibility of state representative to introduce legislation plans
to mandate sixth grade girls to be vaccinated against HPV. The
article discusses some reasons the immunization is controversial.
It discusses bills in Ohio and Texas that have been stopped. It
also discusses the possible price tag associated with the
vaccination at $360 per child.
As a mother of a little girl, in my opinion, there is no cost
too great for the prevention of cervical cancer, which is ?the
second leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally? (Ferlay
et al., 2008). HPV is also the most common sexually transmitted
diseases (STD) in the United States as published by Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. It also goes undiagnosed, which is
the major factor in transmission. HPV has also been linked to
several other types of cancer including vulva, vagina, penis, anus
and head and neck cancer. (Rollins, 2011, para. 2) The advantages
and health need for this immunization is undeniable. ?Vaccination
alone, compared to the status quo, could lead to a 40% reduction in
cervical cancer mortality over the lifetime of the vaccinated
population.? (Rollins, 2011, para. 11) This immunization would be
classified as a primary level of prevention. In my opinion, primary
level of prevention needs the greatest availability of resources
including funding, advertising and time. Prevention is the key to
our health and would be the most cost effective for all parties.
Without these resources, our children will be affected!
References
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