Kaileen
Hendle04/11/17Writing Assignment 3: Loperamide for DiarrheaDiarrhea
being expelled from the body is not normal. This indicates that
there is an issue within the gastrointestinal tract. Normally the
small intestine absorbs most of the water in chyme. Approximately
95% of water is absorbed in the small intestine by osmosis (Marieb,
2014). The remaining water is usually absorbed in the large
intestine, and some is even used to help soften the stool that is
supposed to be pushed out. Peristalsis and segmentation in the
small intestine helps mucosal cells absorb the water within the
chyme. According to Marieb (2014), water moves freely in both
directions of the intestinal mucosa, and active transport of
solutes into the mucosal cells creates net osmosis because of the
concentration gradient established. Therefore, water uptake is
paired to solute uptake, and then affects the absorption of
substances that
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This will allow
more water to be absorbed so that the stool is not watery.
Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist (Case-Lo, 2011).
Therefore, it increases the stimulation of opioid receptors within
the gastrointestinal tract. The drug stimulates opioid receptors to
slow segmentation and peristalsis, and to increase the reuptake of
water by the mucosal cells. It does this by delaying transit of
chyme and increasing the contact time along the intestinal wall so
more absorption can take place. This happens by decreasing circular
and longitudinal muscle contractions that allows for peristalsis
and segmentation to occur (Case-Lo, 2017). It then stimulates
mucosal sensory receptors which activate a reflex arc that further
facilitates further fluid absorption (Case-Lo, 2011). Mucosal cells
will then start to absorb the water and create the concentration
gradients again so that other substances will follow with. This
will leave the feces less watery and help make is more solid
for
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