SY 560 Clinical Psychology MCQsMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. Most clinical assessment instruments fall into which three categories?a. observations, self-report measures, therapyb. tests, interventions, therapyc. interviews, tests, observationsd. interventions, on-line questionnaires, phone interviews2. What is the single most frequent activity of clinical psychologists today?b. conducting therapyc. supervising internsd. teachinge. research3. Which of the following is NOT a reason that most clinical psychology programsemphasize statistics and research courses and activities?a. Clinical psychologists often supervise and evaluate research projects.b. It is essential that psychologists know how to critically evaluate publishedresearch.c. A clinical psychologist can’t be licensed without their own published research.d. It is important that clinicians are aware of current research and trends.4. Clinical practica are specialized educational opportunities wherea. students observe their supervisor conducting therapy and discuss the tech-niques.b. students consult with other agencies to broaden their perspectives.c. students see clients and then meet with a supervisor on a regular basis.d. students attend seminars and construct tests.5. According to the text, two types of consultation in which it is common forclinical psychologists to participate area. private and group.b. case and program/administration.c. preventative and remedial.d. paid and unpaid.38f. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology6. Interest in understanding the importance of diversity and cultural variations isrelated to the understanding thata. the willingness to seek treatment can vary by culture and ethnic background.b. there are some cultural variations in symptom patterns.c. there can be differing responses to treatments and interventions related tocultural and ethnic differences.d. all ofthe above7. According to the National Comorbidity Survey, the three most common typesof psychological disorders area. anxiety disorders, impulse-control disorders and substance abuse disorders.b. depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders.c. depression, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders.d. substance-abuse disorders, relationship problems, depression.8. A major sociocultural event that created an acute need for psychological testing in the United States wasa. the establishment of psychology departments in major universities.b. new requirement for public school education for all children.c. the involvement of the country in WWI.d. he establishment of the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH).9. A major development in 1946 that supported clinical psychology as an ap-plied field that offered psychotherapy wasa. the VA’s launching of a program to support training in mental health disci-plines.b. the proliferation of child guidance clinics.c. the development of psychoanalytic institutes.d. the advent of professional organizations.10. Which of the following is NOT a major feature of the psychodynamic approachto psychotherapy?a. Human behavior is derived from an internal struggle between meeting libidinalneeds and being socially appropriate.b. Sexual abuse of children is widespread and responsible for many symptoms inadults.c. The ld, Ego, and Superego are major mental agencies that affect personalitydevelopment.d. Defense mechanisms operate at an unconscious level to keep conflicts fromreaching consciousness.39g. PSY 560 Clinical Psyc11. Clinical treatment in the psychodynamic tradition would include:a. uncovering intrapsychic activity to alleviate behavior problems.b. using free association to unearth sources of symptoms.c. developing insight through interpretations.d. all of the above12. The philosophical position which states that behavior is determined by theperception of experience rather than the experience directly isa. psychoanalytic.b. phenomenology.c. self-actualization.d. Gestalt psychology.13. Carl Rogers developed a humanistic therapy he termeda. experimental.b. client-centered.c. Gestalt.d. group therapy.14. While many clinicians believe that developing more descriptive assessmentswould be of benefit in both research and clinical settings, this is unlikely tohappen becausea. the benefit of an efficient shorthand for communicating about disorders out-weighs all other considerations.b. it would never be reliable and valid.c. they are time consuming and therefore expensive.d. the different theoretical approaches will probably never be able to agree onthe descriptions.15. Which of the following statement accurately reflects the role of assessment intreatment planning?a. Since diagnoses based on thorough assessments tend to be very distinct, ithas been possible to define specific treatments for those diagnoses.b. Psychodiagnostic assessment fits very neatly into the medical model.c. Assessment can not only assist in the development of a treatment plan, butcan be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment as well. institutes.d. In real, every day practice, assessment has little relationship to treatmentplanning.h. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology16. Forensic evaluations often are focused on questions related toa. the prediction of dangerousness.b. the likelihood of relapse.c. understanding recidivism rates.d. understanding the individual’s ability to form lasting relationships afterincarceration.17. The main reason that it is so difficult to predict dangerousness is thata. no relevant, valid measures exist to measure this behavior.b. most clinicians refuse to work with clients who have been assaultive in thepast, so little data is available to use in making such predictions.c. dangerousness is often comorbid with drug and alcohol abuse which rendersour instruments much less reliable.d. the base rate for such behaviors is very low for most groups of people.18. Which of the following is an example of a true negative outcome?a. Mary’s pregnancy test came back negative, but she is actually pregnant.b. Joe’s car was clocked speeding by a radar gun while he was going faster thatthe posted speed limit.c. Anna failed an exam because she hadn’t learned the information it covered.d. Tony’s strep test came back negative, but he didn’t recover without antibiotictreatment.19. Research indicates that clinical intuition isa. a result of highly developed specialized memory capacities.b. based on excellent information-processing abilities.c. often based on the same cognitive habits and biases common to other humans.d. more accurate when based on larger amounts of information.20. Among the sources of errors that can occur in the interview area. the clinician being much more intelligent than the client.b. malingering and impression management.c. client biases about the interview process.d. all of the above41i. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology21. In order to improve informal observation methods, clinicians shoulda. lengthen the first interview session to facilitate the sharing of anecdotalinformation.b. consult with other clinicians about information obtained during early inter-views.c. observe overt behaviors and place greater emphasis on them during the inter- view.d. focus on establishing a diagnosis as quickly as possible.22. Why is it important to attempt to improve an observation’s ecological validity?a. Greater ecological validity can help clinicians design treatment programs thatcan be more easily implemented in home, school or work environments.b. It is important that clinicians be aware of everyone’s carbon footprint.c. The greater the ecological validity, the more sophisticated the diagnosis.d. All of the above23. When a researcher or clinician obtains information contained in records suchas medical reports or school transcripts, shea. is risking violating the privacy of the subject or client.b. is likely to be including non-essential information that might cloud clinicaljudgment.c. does not need to worry about confidentiality issues.d. is using nonreactive or unobtrusive measurements.24. Self-monitoringa. requires the client to record various events and behaviors occurring in theirdaily life.b. is often used by behaviorally-oriented clinicians to establish base-rates ofbehavior.c. may not provide accurate information about addictive behavior.d. all of the above25. Another term for controlled observations isa. analog behavior observations.b. situation tests ..c. contrived observations.d. all of the above are synonymous with controlled observations42j. k. PSY 560 Clinical PsychologyMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. Having good consistency, reliability, validity, clinical utility and test norms be-ing based on large representative samples could be considereda. quality indicators of psychological tests.b. noble goals that are rarely realized in test development.c. qualities only found in the measures developed just following WWII.d. particularly descriptive of projective measures.2. The Triarchic theory of intelligencea. was developed by Howard Gardner.b. argues that there are three kinds of intelligence, analytical, creative and prac-tical.c. is measured by the STAT which has been well researched to establish it’svalidity and reliability.d. all of the above.3. Which statistical method is used to determine which specific abilities or traitscluster together?a. cluster analysisb. correlational analysisc. ipsative analysisd. factor analysis4. The current revision of the Stanford Binet (SB5)a. is not considered reliable.b. is no longer used to diagnose gifted, learning-disordered or intellectually-impaired children.c. is build around a heirarchical model of intelligence.d. postulates eight different intelligences or frames of mind.5. The most popular intelligence test in the United States is thea. SB5.b. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children.c. WAISIIId. STAT82l. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology6. Kaufman describes intelligence as botha. verbal and visual motor abilities.b. intuitive and objective understanding.c. higher order and basic functions.d. the ability to solve problems and “crystallized” intelligence.7. In what ways are values different from attitudes and interests?a. They are fewer in number and more central to a person’s belief system.b. They have a much more clearly pronounced effect on a person’s behavior.c. They are much more directly related to intelligence.d. Research indicates that values aren’t different from attitudes and interests.8. Which of the following individuals is likely to be a more effective therapist?a. Sam, who is trained in all the most current evidence-based treatments.b. Susan, who is very self-controlled but conveys sympathy to her clients.c. Mary, who is very self-controlled and rarely expresses emotions directly to herclients.d. Andrew, who at times expresses his emotions very assertively.9. One area that graduate programs may not address fully, according to manytherapists, isa. how to choose the correct assessment protocols.b. how to conduct initial sessions to develop therapeutic alliances.c. how to manage their own emotions and use them therapeutically.d. knowing when to terminate treatment.10. Which of the following is an example of a competency-related difficulty that aclinician might experience?a. A woman who has been seen regularly for outpatient treatment seeks help for her adolescent son who has just been arrested for underage drinking.b. A clinician can’t seem to like one of his clients, and has begun to dread hisscheduled sessions.c. A clinician who works in a hospice setting struggles with feelings of deep sad-ness.d. All of the above83m. 8411. Which of the following dimensions are especially important to the therapeuticrelationships?a. The emotional bonds that develop between the therapist and client.b. The shared understanding of the task at hand.c. Neither a nor b.d. Both a and b.12. The theorist and therapist who deserves the most credit for our understandingof the importance of the therapeutic alliance wasa. Sigmund Freud.b. Carl Rogers.c. Fritz Perls.d. Erik Erikson.13. Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the establishmentof a flourishing therapeutic alliance?a. the client and clinician sharing many personal similaritiesb. a high amount of investment in the therapeutic effort by both partiesc. both parties being on the same wavelengthd. both parties caring for the well-being of one another14. A similarity between Kohut’s self-psychology practitioners and the object rela-tions therapists is that they botha. remain relatively passive in the therapeutic relationship.b. attempt to provide remedial nurturing and attachment experiences.c. view therapy as a short-term endeavor.d. all of the above15. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapya. stresses the importance of early relationships.b. borrows heavily from both psychoanalysis, ego-analysis, person-centered andhumanistic approaches.c. has achieved popularity in the United States in the past decade.d. all of the aboven. PSY 560 Clinical8516. Which of the following approaches stress pragmatic goals, establishing atherapeutic alliance as quickly as possible, and focusing on a current crisis orproblem?a. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapyb. Object Relations Psychotherapyc. Ego Psychoanalytic Therapyd. Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.17. Which of the following is true about psychodynamic psychotherapy?a. It is practiced by only 2 of clinicians.b. Its foundations have been largely challenged and discredited.c. It has failed to evolve to keep up with the demands of modern clinical prac-tice.d. It is among the top three most popular approaches to therapy.18. Humanistic approaches to psychotherapy emphasize -‘while psychodynamic therapies emphasize ,a. conscious awareness; unconscious conflictb. man’s inherent goodness; man’s tendency towards evilc. childhood experiences; adult traumad. all of the above19. Which of the following statements would NOT be supported by a humanistictherapist?a. Humans are naturally good and able to make choices about their lives.b. Humans are creative and will guide their own behavior towards their full po-tential.c. The therapeutic relationship is not very important because growth towardspotential is inevitable.d. Clients are equal partners in the therapeutic endeavor.20. Cognitions may include all but which of the following?a. beliefs, causal explanationsb. schemas and self-statementsc. free-floating anxietyd. problem-solving strategieso. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology21. Organized knowledge structures that influence how we process informationare calleda. cognitions.b. schemas.c. constellations of belief.d. attributions.22. What a psychodynamic therapist might call -‘ a cognitivetherapist would call _a. unconscious material; automatic thoughtsb. repressed ideation; unconscious materialc. defensiveness; repressed urgesd. cognitions; schemas23. Which of the following would NOT support the cognitive specificity hypoth-esis?a. Persons who share certain disorders seem inclined to employ similar cognitivedistortions.b. Persons with depression often have a negative attributional style.c. Persons prone to depression often interpret negative events as occurring be-cause of internal, global and stable factors.d. normal and abnormal behavior is triggered by cognitive interpretation ofevents rather than by the events themselves.24. According to Aaron Beck, depressed individuals show a characteristic patternof negative perceptions about themselves, their world, and their future. Hecalled thisa. a maladaptive schema.b. the cognitive triad.c. an underdeveloped ego.d. all of the above.25. Albert Ellis developed an influential pioneering cognitive therapy calleda. systematic desensitization.b. rational-emotive behavior therapy.c. symptom substitution.d. cognitive-behavioral therapy.86p. Written Assignment for UnitTwo• Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each pageof your written assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).• Begin each written assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed bythe actual question itself (in bold type).• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e. an introduction, middleparagraphs and conclusion).• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using astandard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to written assignments. However,students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit written assignmentsthat fall in the following ranges:Undergraduate courses: 350 – 500 words or 1 – 2 pages.Graduate courses: 500 – 750 words or 2 – 3 pages.Doctoral courses: 750 – 1000 words or 4 – 5 pages.PlagiarismAll work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cutand paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer tothe course Syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.Please answer ONE of the following:1. What are some reasons that projective personality tests are still used, even though theirpsychometric properties are fairly poor?2. Identify the three conditions Carl Roger’s considered essential to developing a therapeuticalliance. Discuss the relationship he posited between the therapeutic alliance and treatment.3. What are some reasons why therapists might gravitate away from strict psychoanalyticapproaches toward object relations or ego-analytic approaches?87q. PSY 560 Clinical PsychologyMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of community psychology?a. help individuals adapt to and cope with their environmentb. to understand the broader causes of behavior problemsc. carry out primary prevention at the community leveld. all of the above are goals of community psychology2. In community psychology, an ecological perspective refers toa. understanding that alleviating individual problems requires changes in envi-ronmental settings.b. utilizing individual competencies to effect changes.c. both a and b in conjunction.d. neither a nor b.3. The more current terminology for what in the past was referred to as “second-ary prevention” isa. indicated prevention intervention.b. universal mental health prevention.c. selective mental health prevention.d. psychotherapy.4. The goal of preventiona. has been fully integrated into the field of clinical psychology.b. is no longer a goal of clinical psychology.c. has been negated by the development of the field of positive psychology.d. has been realized except in the field of pediatrics and health psychology.5. The self-help movementa. has flourished online, and as bibliotherapyb. has been described as a “massive, systemic, and yet largely silent revolution:’c. had its roots in such programs as Alcoholics Anonymous.d. all of the above6. clinicians recommend quality self-help materials totheir clients as a supplement to therapy.a. A fewb. Rarely doc. An overwhelming majority ofd. All126r. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology7. Clinicians and bookstore owners would be well advised to note thata. all self-help books are likely to be helpful, if the purchaser believes they willbe helpful (an indicator of the placebo effect.)b. it is important to keep up with the recommendations of personalities suchas Oprah and Dr. Phil, as these are the books that will best serve the clients orpurchasers.c. many self-help books are not written by experts, may contradict one another,and may not provide solid, helpful information.d. if a book has been published by a major publishing house, it will be guaran-teed to be helpful.8. The theorist who argued that the spontaneous remission rate for individualswho did not receive therapy was higher than the remission rates for those whodid wasa. Carl Rogers.b. Sigmund Freud.c. Martin Seligman.d. Hans Eysenck.9. More recent research on general therapy outcomes that used methods otherthan Box Score Reviews indicatesa. clients who receive psychotherapy actually fare no better than those who donot.b. individuals who receive psychotherapy fare as well as those who do not.e. most forms of psychotherapy produce better outcomes than no treatment.d. specific types of therapy produced very different effectiveness levels with dif-ferent clients.10. .studies combine and compare the results of manystudies.a. Combined groupsb. Box Scoresc. Meta-analyticd. Factor-analytic11. The Consumer Reports study of client satisfaction indicated thata. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received, but only if it wasbehaviorally oriented.b. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received, but only if it wasinsight-oriented.c. most clients are satisfied with the therapy they received, no matter what typeof therapy it was.d. most clients are unsatisfied with the therapy they received.127s. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology12. One significant criticism of the Task force on Promotion and Dissemination ofPsychological Procedures is thata. the study was not comprehensive enough.b. it used the terms empirically validated and empirically supported inter-changeably.c. treatments determined to be efficacious in controlled settings, may not be ef-fective in clinical settings.d. all of the above13. Which of the following accounts for the least amount of variance in mostpsychotherapy-outcome research?a. specific treatment techniquesb. client factorsc. therapist factorsd. all of the above account for equal amounts of variance14. An assessment procedure where children are asked “Who do you like?” and”Who don’t you like?” is calleda. a peer rating form.b. a behavioral assessment.c. peer sociometrics.d. none of the above, this is never done because of concerns about confidential-ity.15. The only consistent developmental data included in the DSM-IV diagnosticcriteria area. clinically derived systems.b. age of onset and course of the disorder.c. comorbidityestimates.d. using a special axis for child disorders.16. (omorbiditya. is the co-occurrence of two or more disorders.b. often happens in adult populations.c. tends to be the rule rather than the exception in child clinical populations.d. all of the above128t. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology17. When a child is exhibits acting-out behavior such as aggression and delin-quency these behaviors are considered:a. comorbid behaviors.b. internalizing behaviors.c. externalizing behaviors.d. resilient behaviors.18. When a child experiences depression, anxiety, somatic problems and othersignificant discomfort, these are indications ofa. comorbid behaviors.b. internalizing behaviors.c. externalizing behaviors.d. resilient behaviors.19. The core features of ADHD includea. inattention.b. impulsivity.c. overactivity.d. all of the above20. The fact that demographic variables are related to risk for cardiovascular dis-ease (CVD) indicates thata. poverty causes CVD.b. lower socioeconomic status is often associated with heal-damaging behaviors.c. CVD leads to lower incomes and a decline in living standards.d. all of the above.21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person who is consideredto have a Type A personality?a. competitiveness.b. heightened pace of living, impatience.c. problem-focused coping style.d. preoccupation with themselves.22. Research has demonstrated that the most health-risky aspect of the Type Apersonality isa. hostility.b. fast pace of life.c. impatience.d. pressured speech.129u. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology23. A major contribution health psychologists have made to working with individu-als with HIV/AIDS isa. developing psychological treatments to cure the disease.b. improving the mental health of those who have contracted the virus.c. understanding the role spirituality has in facilitating compliance with treat-ment.d. focusing attention on the fact that most cases can be prevented byencourag-ing the avoidance of risky behavior patterns.24. Individuals who are at risk for developing CHD or hypertensiona. can benefit from prevention programs aimed at reducing health-damagingbehaviors.b. will undoubtedly get one of the diseases, so prevention is not likely to be ef-fective.c. will not be likely to benefit form workplace programs designed to encouragehealth habits.d. all of the above.25. Which of the following is NOT a focus of pain research and treatment forhealth psychologists?a. helping patients perceive less painb. reduce the psychological distress associated with painc. developing medications to eliminate chronic paind. developing strategies for living more effectively with chronic pain130v. Written Assignment for Unit Three• Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each pageof your written assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).• Begin each written assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed bythe actual question itself (in bold type).• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e. an introduction, middleparagraphs and conclusion).• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using astandard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to written assignments. However,students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit written assignmentsthat fall in the following ranges:Undergraduate courses: 350 – 500 words or 1 – 2 pages.Graduate courses: 500 – 750 words or 2 – 3 pages.Doctoral courses: 750 – 1000 words or 4 – 5 pages.PlagiarismAll work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cutand paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer tothe course Syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.Please answer ONE of the following:1. Discuss the two ways in which mindfulness is usually taught. Is one way preferable inpsychotherapy? Why or why not?2. Discuss what a Box Score Review entails, and what other methods are now used to evaluatethe results of multiple research studies.3. Outline the goals a clinician might have when conducting clinical interviews with a child andhis or her parents.131w. PSY 560 Clinical PsychologyMultiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. One of the major functions of the temporal lobes isa. processing auditory information.b. processing bodily sensations.e. processing olfactory stimuli.d. all of the above2. An individual diagnosed with a temporal lobe personality mighta. forget to care for half of his or her body.b. avoid writing notes during lectures or discussions.c. express that he or she has special powers and sees emotional significance inmany things.d. be particularly boring.3. Executive Functionsa. include planning/ organizing and anticipating future events.b. require the integration of many areas of the brain.e. are largely mediated by the frontal lobes of the brain.d. all of the above4. As illustrated by the famous case of Phineas P. Gage/ the frontal lobes of thebraina. are essential for speech production.b. are of only limited importance/ and damage to them causes only limited im-pairment.c. are the location of intelligence.d. are profoundly implicated in social and emotional functioning.5. An assessment of premorbid functioning is important becausea. it enables the establishment of goals for rehabilitation.b. it allows the placement of current functioning in a historical context.e. it is important to know how much of the brain has been injured.d. all of the above6. As stated in your text among the benefits of using a predetermined standard-ized battery oftests for psychoneurological assessment isa. insurance companies will pay clinicians top dollar to administer them.b. paraprofessionals can be used to administer the tests.169x. PSY 560 Clinical Psychologye. they are never revised, to make sure the data is consistentd. none of the above7. Which of the following is NOT a strength of the Halsltead-Reitan battery?a. it is good at discriminating brain damaged individuals from healthy individu-alsb. it adequately detects the lateralization and localization of brain damagec. it is widely used and there is a great deal of empirical documentation of themeasures.d. it discriminates well between brain-damaged individuals and those withschizophrenia.8. One of the major challenges in assessing a defendant’s sanity isa. making determinations about a mental condition that existed at an earlierpoint in time.b. finding empirically-validated measures to use.e. getting access to records to review.d. all of the above9. Malingering refers toa. lying to create a viable defense.b. making up a story to make another person seem quilty of the offense.e. trying to appear more impaired and mentally ill so as to avoid prosecution.d. attempting to establish an alibi that is impossible to confirm or disconfirm.10. Which of the following behaviors would constitute a “tort:’a. malpracticeb. libel and slandere. negligent behavior causing harm to anotherd. all of the above11. Which of the following is not considered an essential ability for competentdecision making?a. understanding the basic information relevant to the decisionb. being of at least average intelligencee. to anticipate the consequences of various decisionsd. to be able to communicate a personal decision or choice170y. PSY 560 Clinical17112. A formalized indication of a desire to not receive life-sustaining medical treat-ment if one becomes incapacitated is calleda. a living will.b. advance medical directives.c. civil competency.d. all of the above13. occurs when a psychologist attempts to evaluate thepsychological state of an individual after than individual is deceased.a. A postmortem evaluationb. A psychological profilec. A psychological autopsyd. An advance medical directive14. According to the text, which of the following legal situations do many mentalhealth professionals consider the most ethically challenging and clinicallydifficult?a. psychological autopsiesb. advance medical directivesc. child custody and parental fitness evaluationsd. competency hearings15. Which of the following is NOT covered by the Ethics Code?a. privacy and confidentialityb. advertisingc. fee structuresd. office design standards16. When psychologists behave in an unethical manner, they are subject to cen-sure bya. local organizations.b. state organizations.c. national organizations.d. all of the above17. Which of the following is probably NOT a good source for consultation aboutethical concerns for professional clinicians?a. professional journals and booksb. colleaguesz. PSY 560 Clinical Psychologye. Wikipediad. malpractice insurance companies18. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)a. protects the confidentiality of information about clients.b. is not relevant to psychologists unless they are practicing in a medical set-ting.c. applies to all practitioners, even if they don’t bill insurance companies.d. regulations are already addressed by the Ethics Code and therefore don’trequire any additional attention by psychologists.19. In many states the Tarasoff ruling has had the effect ofa. requiring clinicians to violate confidentiality in certain circumstances.b. imposing a “duty to warn” on clinicians.c. raising questions about a “duty to warnwhen working with individuals withHIV/AIDS.d. all of the above20. The most common complaint in malpractice suits involvea. financial misrepresentation or fraud.b. licensure problems.e. failure to prevent a client’s suicide.d. inappropriate sexual behavior.21. All university-based clinical psychology programsa. utilize a scientist-practitioner model.b. have essentially the same emphasis.e. provide training in research as well as clinical skills.d. all of the above22. Clinical researchersa. can find careers in a variety of mental health settings.b. often offer supervision and training of clinical work.c. can shift between clinical work and research if they keep up their clinicalcredentials.d. all of the above172aa. PSY 560 Clinical Psychology23. Free-standing professional schools of psychology that offer the PsyD degreea. place less emphasis on research training than university-based programs.b. tend to be less expensive than university-based programs.c. have higher admissions standards than university based programs.d. often have quite small class sizes to facilitate clinical training.24. Which program offers financial help to research-oriented clinical students?a. National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Programb. National Institute of Mental Health Loan Forgiveness Programc. National Health Service Corpsd. all of the above25. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gradu-ate training in clinical psychology that applicants should take into account?a. Once admitted, the workload is similar to that of undergraduate school.b. Often two moves will be necessary, one to attend school and another to com-plete an internship.c. Since programs have different areas of focus, careful examination of programsis important.bb. While some financial assistance is available, students often live at the povertylevel for several years.