1)Because psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use ________ to study psychology. mental processes introspection functionalism and structuralism the scientific method 2)Experimenters control the effects of extraneous or confounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using: independent observers. double-blind studies. random assignment. placebos. 3)In a negative correlation: the variables increase in the same direction. the two variables have an inverse relationship. a strong correlation is close to +1.00. there is no relationship between the variables. 4)All of the following statements about surveys are true EXCEPT: survey questions can be written in such a way that the desired answer becomes obvious. it is difficult to word survey questions so they will be understood the same way by all who read them. answers to survey questions are resistant to courtesy bias. the order of the questions in the survey can affect its outcome. 5)The four goals of psychology are accomplished through: the scientific method. laboratory observation. surveys. double-blind studies. 6)Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis: has been completely rejected by modern psychologists. is still in use by professionals today, with less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations. is as commonly used today as it was a few decades ago. has no place in modern scientific study. 7)________ focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information. Objective introspection Structuralism Behaviorism Cognitive psychology 8)According to the behavioral perspective, a child who cries and is rewarded by getting his mother’s attention will: be more attached to his mother. stop crying so much in the future. be indifferent to his mother. cry again in the future. 9)Anna is 45 years old and is suffering from hot flashes and extreme moodiness. From a(n) _____ perspective, Anna’s symptoms can be attributed to menopause. psychodynamic biopsychological cognitive analytical 10)Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for her. Sasha’s research will be impacted by: observer bias. participant observation. the observer effect. an inability to replicate the results. 11)Which early perspective in psychology, associated with William James, focused on how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play? functionalism structuralism conflict psychoanalysis 13)A ________ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. psychiatric social worker psychologist psychoanalyst psychiatrist 15)An institutional review board reviews: a study’s safety and consideration for the research participants. a study’s proper use of the scientific method. double-blind studies only. a study’s hypothesis for feasibility.
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