The history of
sports in America is a long and diverse one. This is especially the
case for American women, whose journey for equal rights and
opportunities throughout the 20th century has been mirrored in relm
of athletics, due in large part to Title IX of the United States
Education Ammendents Act of 1972.
According to the Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002,
after its House co-author and sponsor. It states (in part) that No
person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded
from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected
to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving
federal financial assistance. This paper will present a history of
womens involvement in sport before the
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The baseball
team of Vassar College in 1866 had to wear blouses and high button
shoes with floor length skirts. These skirts which could weigh up
to 30 pounds mand it very hard to run. When the Title XI law was
passed girls that was under the age of 10 had much higher sports
participation rate than those whom was much older.
The impact of the involvement of women in sports has grew
tremendously since the enactment of Title IX. It has been over 40
years ago young women were not allowed to attend colleges or
universities. They could not particiapte in sports however they
could particiapte dance.
The impact it had on women and girls were very negative. They
were ridicule, they faced discrimination, racism and prejudice just
to name a few. They were ignored and the cheerleaders received more
attention than women athletes. The schools did not buy uniforms for
them, they had to wear their gym suits or make their own. Their
funds were made by them through car washes or bake sales. The girls
teams were disrespected, no one would go to their games not even
their parents. They would go watch their son athlete but not their
daughter. Some of the women were strong enough to withstand all of
the negative only because they had a love for the game and
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The number of
women athlete grew tremendously. In 1971 only about 7 percent of
women participated in sports, however that number took a great leap
in 2001 to about 2.8 million or in other words almost 42 percent
according to the National Coalition for Women and Girls in
Education. Also, a 2008 study of intercollegiate athletics showed
that women's collegiate sports had grown to 9,101 teams, or 8.65
per school. The five most frequently offered college sports for
women are, in order: (1) basketball, 98.8% of schools have a team,
(2) volleyball, 95.7%, (3) soccer, 92.0%, (4) cross country, 90.8%,
and (5) softball, 89.2%. Prior those sports that were played by
women they also competed in the traditional
malesports such as
wrestling, weightlifting, rugby and boxing. In 1972 the parents
begin to go and watch their daughters on the field and the court.
Another positive impact was that women are getting benefints
and particition in sports increased education and employment
opportunities. Because of the activeness of the women it lowered
the rate of obesity in women, no other program could claim
such
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